Product Name: Urolithin B
English Synonym: Urolithin B
CAS Number: 1139-83-9
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₈O₃
Molecular Weight: 212.2 g/mol
Appearance: Solid (Light brown powder)
Purity: ≥98%
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (≥50 mg/mL)
Storage Conditions:
- Powder: Store at -20°C for 3 years
- In solvent: Store at -80°C for 1 year
- Transportation: Ship with ice packs
Product Overview
Urolithin B is a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the gut microbiota’s metabolism of ellagitannins, particularly found in foods such as pomegranates, berries, and walnuts. It is a key metabolite of ellagic acid and is known for its diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects .
Key Biological Properties
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Urolithin B inhibits the activation of NF-κB, a central regulator of inflammation, by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. It also suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, which are involved in inflammatory signaling pathways . - AMPK and Akt Regulation
Urolithin B enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK, a key enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, which is associated with cell proliferation and survival . - Neuroprotective Effects
Urolithin B has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and may exert neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s disease by modulating inflammatory pathways and reducing oxidative stress . - Skeletal Muscle Mass Regulation
Urolithin B is a potent regulator of skeletal muscle mass. It promotes muscle growth by increasing protein synthesis and prevents muscle atrophy by repressing the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway . - Anticancer Potential
Urolithin B inhibits the expression of key transcription factors such as NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are critical for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. It also suppresses the phosphorylation of P65 and ERK, leading to the inhibition of osteoclast formation . - Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Effects
Urolithin B inhibits the Quorum Sensing mechanism in bacteria, which is essential for their communication and virulence factor production. This makes it a potential candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens .
Mechanisms of Action
- NF-κB Inhibition: Reduces IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, leading to decreased NF-κB activity .
- MAPK Pathway Modulation: Inhibits the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, which are involved in cell proliferation and inflammation .
- AMPK Activation: Enhances AMPK phosphorylation, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism .
- Osteoclast Inhibition: Down-regulates the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and transcription factors, such as NFATc1 and c-Fos .
Applications and Uses
- Research Use Only: This product is intended for scientific research and development purposes only. It is not for clinical use or human consumption .
- Pharmacological Studies: Urolithin B is being investigated for its potential in treating inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders .
- Dietary Supplements: While not approved for human consumption, Urolithin B is a component of various dietary supplements derived from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates and berries .
Safety and Handling Instructions
- Wear Protective Gear: Always wear a lab coat and disposable gloves when handling the powder.
- Avoid Inhalation and Contact: Do not inhale, swallow, or come into direct contact with the skin or eyes.
- Storage: Store the powder at -20°C to maintain stability and prevent degradation.
- Solubility: Dissolve the powder in DMSO (≥50 mg/mL) before use. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing to maintain product integrity.
Conclusion
Urolithin B is a multifunctional natural compound with a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and skeletal muscle-regulating properties. Its unique ability to modulate key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and AMPK makes it a promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic agents. However, due to its current status as a research tool, it is essential to follow strict safety guidelines and ensure proper handling and storage to maintain its efficacy and stability.
