Glutathione is an antioxidant naturally present in the body. Also known as GSH, it is produced by nerve cells in the liver and central nervous system and is composed of three amino acids: glycine, L-cysteine, and L-glutamate. Glutathione can help metabolize toxins, break down free radicals, support immune function, and more.
This article discusses the antioxidant glutathione, its uses, and purported benefits. It also provides examples of how to increase the amount of glutathione in your diet.
In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated differently than drugs. This means that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve products for their safety and efficacy until they are on the market. Whenever possible, choose supplements that have been tested by a trusted third party such as USP, ConsumerLab, or NSF. However, even if supplements are tested by a third party, this does not mean that they are necessarily safe for everyone or generally effective. Therefore, it is important to discuss any supplements you plan to take with your healthcare provider and check them for possible interactions with other supplements or medications.
The use of supplements must be individualized and verified by a healthcare professional such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or health care provider. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Glutathione depletion is believed to be associated with certain health conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease), cystic fibrosis, and age-related diseases and the aging process. However, this does not mean that glutathione supplements will necessarily help with these conditions.
However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting the use of glutathione to prevent or treat any health condition.
Research shows that inhaled or oral glutathione may help improve lung function and nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis.
A systematic review assessed studies on the effect of antioxidants on chemotherapy-associated toxicity. Eleven studies analyzed included glutathione supplements.
Intravenous (IV) glutathione can be used in combination with chemotherapy to reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy. In some cases, this may increase the likelihood of completing a course of chemotherapy. More research is needed.
In one study, intravenous glutathione (600 mg twice daily for 30 days) significantly improved symptoms associated with previously untreated Parkinson’s disease. However, the study was small and consisted of only nine patients.
Glutathione is not considered an essential nutrient because it is produced in the body from other amino acids.
Poor diet, environmental toxins, stress, and old age can all lead to low levels of glutathione in the body. Low glutathione levels have been associated with an increased risk of cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, and Parkinson’s disease. However, this does not necessarily mean that adding glutathione will reduce the risk.
Since the level of glutathione in the body is not usually measured, there is little information about what happens to people with low levels of glutathione.
Due to a lack of research, little is known about the side effects of using glutathione supplements. No side effects have been reported with a high intake of glutathione from food alone.
However, there are concerns that the use of glutathione supplements may cause cramps, bloating, or allergic reactions with symptoms such as rashes. In addition, inhaling glutathione can cause breathing problems for some people with mild asthma. If any of these side effects occur, stop taking the supplement and discuss it with your healthcare provider.
There is not enough data to show that it is safe for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Therefore, glutathione supplements are not recommended if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Always check with your healthcare professional before taking any supplements.
Various doses have been studied in disease-specific studies. The dose that is right for you may depend on many factors, including your age, gender, and medical history.
In studies, glutathione was given in doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg per day. One study found that at least 500 mg per day for at least two weeks was required to increase glutathione levels.
There is not enough data to know how glutathione interacts with certain medications and other supplements.
Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to store the supplement. It may vary depending on the form of the supplement.
In addition, supplementing with other nutrients can help increase the body’s production of glutathione. This may include:
Avoid taking glutathione if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Not enough data to say it’s safe for this time period.
However, some of these complications may be related to improper intravenous infusion technique or fake glutathione, the researchers say.
Any dietary supplement should not be intended to treat a disease. Research on glutathione in Parkinson’s disease is limited.
In one study, intravenous glutathione did improve symptoms of early Parkinson’s disease. However, the study was small and consisted of only nine patients.
Another randomized clinical trial also found improvement in patients with Parkinson’s disease who received intranasal injections of glutathione. However, it worked no better than a placebo.
Glutathione is easy to find in some foods such as fruits and vegetables. A study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer found that dairy products, grains, and bread are generally low in glutathione, while fruits and vegetables are moderate to high in glutathione. Freshly cooked meat is relatively rich in glutathione.
It is also available as a dietary supplement such as capsules, liquid, or topical form. It can also be given intravenously.
Glutathione supplements and personal care products are available online and at many natural food stores, pharmacies, and vitamin stores. Glutathione supplements are available in capsules, liquids, inhalants, topical or intravenous.
Just be sure to look for supplements that have been third-party tested. This means that the supplement has been tested and contains the amount of glutathione stated on the label and is free of contaminants. USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab labeled supplements have been tested.
Glutathione plays several roles in the body, including its antioxidant action. Low levels of glutathione in the body are associated with many chronic conditions and diseases. However, there has not been enough research to know if taking glutathione reduces the risk of these diseases or provides any health benefits.
Glutathione is produced in the body from other amino acids. It is also present in the food we eat. Before you start taking any dietary supplement, be sure to discuss the benefits and risks of the supplement with your healthcare provider.
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Author: Jennifer Lefton, MS, RD/N, CNSC, FAND Jennifer Lefton, MS, RD/N-AP, CNSC, FAND is a Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist and author with over 20 years of clinical nutrition experience. Her experience ranges from advising clients on cardiac rehabilitation to managing the nutritional needs of patients undergoing complex surgery.
Post time: Jul-20-2023