ICovid-19, noma enye eyaziwa njenge-2019-nCoV noma i-SARS-CoV-2 virus, ingeyomndeni weCoronavirus. Njengoba i-SARS-CoV-2 ingeye-genus Coronavirus ihlobene kakhulu ne-MERS-CoV kanye ne-SARS-CoV - nayo okubikwe ukuthi ibangele izimpawu ezinzima zenyumoniya kubhadane olwedlule. Ukwakheka kofuzo kwe-2019-nCoV kuye kwabonakala futhi kwashicilelwa. [I] [ii] Amaprotheni amakhulu akuleligciwane kanye nalawo akhonjwe ngaphambilini ku-SARS-CoV noma ku-MERS-CoV abonisa ukufana okuphezulu phakathi kwawo.
Ubusha balolu hlobo lwegciwane kusho ukuthi kunokungaqiniseki okuningi okuzungeze ukusebenza kwalo, ngakho-ke kusesekuseni kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi izitshalo zamakhambi noma izinhlanganisela empeleni zinganikela yini emphakathini njengama-prophylactic agents noma njengezinto ezifanele emithini elwa ne-coronavirus elwa neCovid -19. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokufana okuphezulu kukaCovid-19 namagciwane abikwe ngaphambilini we-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV, ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngaphambilini ngamakhemikhali e-herbal, afakazelwe ukuthi anemiphumela yokulwa ne-coronavirus, angaba umhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuthola i-anti-coronavirus izitshalo zamakhambi, ezingasebenza ngokumelene negciwane le-SARS-CoV-2.
Ngemuva kokuphuma kwe-SARS-CoV, eyaqala ukubikwa ekuqaleni kuka-2003 [iii], ososayensi bebelokhu bezama ngamandla ukusizakala ngamakhompiyutha amaningana elwa namagciwane elwa ne-SARS-CoV. Lokhu bekuholele iqembu lochwepheshe eChina ukuthi lihlolisise okungaphezu kwama-200 okwenziwe ngamakhambi okwelapha okwenziwe ngamaShayina ngemisebenzi yamagciwane elwa nale nkinga ye-coronavirus.
Phakathi kwalokhu, ukukhishwa okune kukhombisa imiphumela elinganiselayo yokuvimbela i-SARS-CoV - i-Lycoris radiata (i-Red Spider Lily), i-Pyrrosia lingua (i-fern), i-Artemisia annua (umhlonyane omnandi) ne-Lindera aggregate (ilunga elimnandi elihlala liluhlaza isihlahla somndeni womndeni wakwa-laurel ). Imiphumela yama-antiviral yalezi yayixhomeke kumthamo futhi isukela kokugxila okuphansi kokukhishwa kuye phezulu, kuyehluka ngokukhishwa ngakunye kwamakhambi. Ikakhulukazi i-Lycoris radiata ikhombise umsebenzi onamandla wokulwa namagciwane olwa nengcindezi yegciwane. [Iv]
Lo mphumela ubuhambisana nowamanye amaqembu amabili ocwaningo, aphakamise ukuthi indawo esebenzayo esebenzayo equkethwe ezimpandeni zeLicorice, iGlycyrrhizin, kufakazelwe ukuthi inomsebenzi olwa ne-SARS-CoV ngokuvimbela ukuphindaphindeka kwayo. [V] [vi] Kwenye Ukutadisha, uGlycyrrhizin ubuye wakhombisa umsebenzi we-antiviral lapho ehlolwe imiphumela yayo ye-in vitro antiviral kuma-10 ahlukene emitholampilo ehlukanisiwe ye-SARS coronavirus. I-Baicalin - eyingxenye yesitshalo i-Scuttelaria baicalensis (Skullcap) - nayo ihlolwe kulolu cwaningo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo futhi ikhombise nezenzo zokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-SARS coronavirus. [Vii] I-Baicalin nayo ikhonjisiwe ukuthi ivimbela ukuphindaphindeka kwe-HIV -1 virus in vitro kwizifundo ezedlule. [Viii] [ix] Kodwa-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okutholakele kwe-vitro kungahle kungahambelani nokusebenza kwe-vivo clinical. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthamo womlomo walawa ma-ejenti kubantu kungenzeka ungafinyeleli ukugxila kwe-serum yegazi efana naleyo ehlolwe kwi-vitro.
I-Lycorine ibuye ikhombise isenzo esinamandla sokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-SARS-CoV.3 Imibiko eminingi eyedlule iphakamisa ukuthi i-Lycorine ibonakala inemisebenzi ebanzi yokulwa namagciwane futhi kubikwe ukuthi ikhombise isenzo esivimbela igciwane le-Herpes Simplex (uhlobo I) [x] ne-Poliomyelitis igciwane futhi. [xi]
“Amanye amakhambi okubikwe ukuthi akhombise ukusebenza kwamagciwane okulwa ne-SARS-CoV yi-Lonicera japonica (i-Japanese Honeysuckle) kanye nesitshalo esaziwa kakhulu i-Eucalyptus, ne-Panax ginseng (impande) ngesakhi sayo esisebenzayo iGinsenoside-Rb1.” [Xii]
Ubufakazi obuvela ezifundweni ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nakwezinye izifundo eziningana zomhlaba babika ukuthi izithako eziningi zokwelapha ezingamakhambi zikhombise imisebenzi yokulwa namagciwane emelene nama-coronaviruses [xiii] [xiv] futhi indlela esebenza ngayo ngokuyinhloko ibonakala ingokuvinjelwa kokuphindaphindeka kwamagciwane. [Xv] China usebenzise kakhulu amakhambi endabuko aseChina okwelapha ekwelapheni i-SARS ngempumelelo ezimweni eziningi. [xvi] Kodwa-ke abukho ubufakazi obubonakalayo bokusebenza kahle kwalezi ziguli ezinesifo i-Covid-19.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukukhishwa kwemifino okunjalo kube yilabo abangaba yingxenye yokwakhiwa kwemithi emisha elwa namagciwane yokuvikela noma yokwelapha i-SARS?
I-DISCLAMER: Le ndatshana ibhalelwe izinhloso zokwazisa kuphela futhi ayihloselwe ukufaka izeluleko zezokwelapha, ukuxilonga noma ukwelashwa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nezimpawu ezihlobene nalezo zeCovid-19 noma esinye isifo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
[i] UZhou, P., Yang, X., Wang, X. et al., 2020. Ukuqubuka kwesifo somoya okuhlobene ne-coronavirus entsha yemvelaphi yelulwane. Imvelo 579, 270-273 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
[ii] U-Andersen, KG, Rambaut, A., Lipkin, WI, Holmes, EC noGarry, RF, 2020. Umsuka oyinhloko we-SARS-CoV-2. IMvelo Medicine, amakhasi 1-3.
[iii] Umugqa wesikhathi wokuphendula we-CDC SARS. Kutholakala ku-https: //www.cdc.gov/about/history/sars/timeline.htm. Kufinyelelwe
[iv] Li, SY, Chen, C., Zhang, HQ, Guo, HY, Wang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Hua, SN, Yu, J., Xiao, PG noLi, RS, 2005. Ukukhonjwa kwamakhemikhali emvelo anemisebenzi elwa namagciwane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-coronavirus ehambisana ne-SARS. Ucwaningo lwe-Antiviral, i-67 (1), amakhasi 18-23.
[v] uCinatl, J., Morgenstem, B. noBauer, G., 2003. IGlycyrrhizin, ingxenye esebenzayo yezimpande ze-licorice nokuphindaphindeka kwe-coronovirus ehambisana ne-SARS. ILancet, 361 (9374), amakhasi 2045-2046.
[vi] Hoever, G., Baltina, L., Michaelis, M., Kondratenko, R., Baltina, L., Tolstikov, GA, Doerr, HW noCinatl, J., 2005. Umsebenzi Wokulwa Namagciwane we-Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives I-SARS− Coronavirus. Ijenali yamakhemikhali okwelapha, 48 (4), amakhasi 1256-1259.
[vii] Chen, F., Chan, KH, Jiang, Y., Kao, RYT, Lu, HT, Fan, KW, Cheng, VCC, Tsui, WHW, Hung, IFN, Lee, TSW noGuan, Y., 2004. Ukutholakala kwe-in vitro kokuhlukaniswa kwemitholampilo okuyi-10 kwe-SARS coronavirus kumakhemikhali we-antiviral akhethiwe. Ijenali ye-Clinical Virology, 31 (1), amakhasi 69-75.
[viii] Kitamura, K., Honda, M., Yoshizaki, H., Yamamoto, S., Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., Ono, K. noTokunaga, T., 1998. UBaicalin, isivimbeli Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HIV-1 ku-vitro. Ucwaningo lwe-Antiviral, i-37 (2), amakhasi 131-140.
[ix] Li, BQ, Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, JA, Ruscetti, FW noWang, JM, 2000. I-flavonoid baicalin ivimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 ezingeni lokungena kwegciwane. Ukuxhumana kocwaningo lweBiochemical and biophysical, 276 (2), amakhasi 534-538.
[x] URenard-Nozaki, J., Kim, T., Imakura, Y., Kihara, M. noKobayashi, S., 1989. Umphumela wama-alkaloid ahlukaniswe ne-Amaryllidaceae ngegciwane le-herpes simplex. Ucwaningo ku-virology, 140, kk. 115-128.
[xi] Ieven, M., Vlietinick, AJ, Berghe, DV, Totte, J., Dommisse, R., Esmans, E. no-Alderweireldt, F., 1982. Tshala ama-antiviral agents. III. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-alkaloid avela ku-Clivia miniata Regel (Amaryl-lidaceae). Ijenali Yemikhiqizo Yemvelo, 45 (5), amakhasi 564-573.
[xii] Wu, CY, Jan, JT, Ma, SH, Kuo, CJ, Juan, HF, Cheng, YSE, Hsu, HH, Huang, HC, Wu, D., Brik, A. noLiang, FS, 2004 Ama-molecule amancane abhekise ku-acute acute yokuphefumula syndrome human coronavirus. Izinqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences, 101 (27), amakhasi 10012-10017.
[xiii] Wen, CC, Kuo, YH, Jan, JT, Liang, PH, Wang, SY, Liu, HG, Lee, CK, Chang, ST, Kuo, CJ, Lee, SS noHou, CC, 2007. Okucacile isitshalo se-terpenoids nama-lignoid anezinto ezinamandla zokulwa namagciwane ezibhekene ne-coronavirus enamandla kakhulu yokuphefumula. Ijenali yamakhemikhali okwelapha, i-50 (17), amakhasi 4087-4095.
[xiv] McCutcheon, AR, Roberts, TE, Gibbons, E., Ellis, SM, Babiuk, LA, Hancock, REW and Towers, GHN, 1995. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antiviral kwezitshalo zokwelapha zaseBritish Columbian. Ijenali ye-Ethnopharmacology, 49 (2), amakhasi 101-110.
[xv] UJassim, SAA noNaji, MA, 2003. Inoveli ejwayelekile yama-antiviral agents: umbono wezitshalo zokwelapha. Ijenali ye-microbiology esetshenzisiwe, i-95 (3), amakhasi 412-427.
[xvi] Luo, H., Tang, QL, Shang, YX, Liang, SB, Yang, M., Robinson, N. noLiu, JP, 2020. Ngabe umuthi waseChina ungasetshenziselwa ukuvikela isifo se-corona virus 2019 (COVID -19)? Ukubuyekezwa kwama-Classics omlando, ubufakazi bocwaningo kanye nezinhlelo zamanje zokuvikela. Ijenali YaseChina Yemithi Ehlanganisayo, amakhasi 1-8.
Njengomkhuba ojwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi ochwepheshe, isiza sethu sisebenzisa amakhukhi, okungamafayela amancane alandelwa kudivayisi yakho, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho.
Lo mbhalo uchaza ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi abaluqoqayo, ukuthi silusebenzisa kanjani nokuthi kungani kwesinye isikhathi sidinga ukugcina la makhukhi. Sizokwabelana nokuthi uwavikela kanjani lawa makhukhi ukuthi angagcinwa kodwa lokhu kungehlisa noma 'kwephule' izinto ezithile zokusebenza kwamasayithi.
Sisebenzisa amakhukhi ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezichazwe ngezansi. Ngeshwa, ezimweni eziningi azikho izinketho ezijwayelekile zomkhakha zokukhubaza amakhukhi ngaphandle kokukhubaza ngokuphelele ukusebenza nezici abazingezayo kusayithi. Kunconywa ukuthi ushiye kuwo wonke amakhukhi uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uyawadinga noma cha, uma kungenzeka asetshenziselwe ukunikeza insiza oyisebenzisayo.
Ungavimbela ukubekwa kwamakhukhi ngokulungisa amasethingi esipheqululini sakho (bona inketho “Yosizo” yesiphequluli sakho yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu). Yazi ukuthi ukukhubaza amakhukhi kungathinta ukusebenza kwaleli namanye amawebhusayithi amaningi owavakashelayo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungakhubazi amakhukhi
Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile sisebenzisa amakhukhi ahlinzekwa abantu besithathu abathembekile. Isayithi lethu lisebenzisa i- [Google Analytics] engesinye sezixazululo ze-analytics ezisabalele nezithembekile kuwebhu ukusisiza siqonde ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani isayithi nezindlela esingathuthukisa ngazo ulwazi lwakho. Lawa makhukhi angalandelela izinto ezifana nokuthi uchitha isikhathi esingakanani kusayithi namakhasi owavakashelayo ukuze siqhubeke nokukhiqiza okuqukethwe okubandakanya. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngamakhukhi e-Google Analytics, bheka ikhasi elisemthethweni le-Google Analytics.
I-Google Analytics ithuluzi le-Google lokuhlaziya elisiza iwebhusayithi yethu ukuthi iqonde ukuthi izivakashi zihlangana kanjani nezakhiwo zazo. Ingasebenzisa isethi yamakhukhi ukuqoqa imininingwane futhi ibike izibalo zokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ngaphandle kokuhlonza mathupha izivakashi ezithile ku-Google. Ikhukhi eliyinhloko elisetshenziswa yi-Google Analytics ikhukhi le-'__ga'.
Ngokungeziwe ekubikeni izibalo zokusetshenziswa kwewebhusayithi, i-Google Analytics nayo ingasetshenziswa, kanye namanye amakhukhi wokukhangisa, ukusiza ukukhombisa izikhangiso ezihambisana kakhulu nezakhiwo ze-Google (njenge-Google Search) nakuyo yonke iwebhu nokukala ukuhlangana nezikhangiso eziboniswa i-Google .
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakheli e-IP. Ikheli le-IP liyikhodi yezinombolo ekhomba idivayisi yakho kwi-Intanethi. Singahle sisebenzise ikheli lakho le-IP nohlobo lwesiphequluli ukusiza ukuhlaziya amaphethini wokusebenzisa nokuthola izinkinga kule webhusayithi nokwenza ngcono insizakalo esikunikeza yona. Kepha ngaphandle kwemininingwane eyengeziwe ikheli lakho le-IP alikukhombi njengomuntu uqobo.
Zikhethele. Lapho ufinyelela le webhusayithi, amakhukhi ethu athunyelwa kusiphequluli sakho sewebhu futhi agcinwa kudivayisi yakho. Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, uyavuma ukusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi nobuchwepheshe obufanayo.
Sethemba ukuthi imininingwane engenhla ikucacisele izinto. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uyafuna yini ukuvumela amakhukhi noma cha, kuvame ukuphepha ukushiya amakhukhi enikwe amandla uma kungenzeka ahlangane nenye yezici ozisebenzisayo kusayithi lethu. Kodwa-ke, uma usafuna eminye imininingwane, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi nge-imeyili ku- [email protected]
Ikhukhi Elidingeka Kakhulu kufanele linikwe amandla ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze sikwazi ukugcina okuthandayo kuzilungiselelo zamakhukhi.
Uma ukhubaza le khukhi, ngeke sikwazi ukugcina okuncamelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njalo uma uvakashela le webhusayithi uzodinga ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza amakhukhi futhi.
Isikhathi Iposi: Apr-10-2020