Impilo yethu iphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi.Abathengi banokunganxulumani ngokukhawuleza impilo yengqondo kunye nempilo yabo iyonke, kodwa ingqondo, umzimba kunye nempilo yeemvakalelo zibambeke kakhulu.Oku kuboniswa ngendlela yokuba ukunqongophala kwezondlo ezahlukeneyo kunokubangela ukuhla ekusebenzeni kwengqondo (umzekelo, i-B12 kunye ne-magnesium).
Kwakhona kubonakala njengoko sikhula.Okukhona sikhula, kuncipha izondlo-mzimba ezinokufunxwa ngumzimba ekutyeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukunqongophala.Kulula ukugxotha ukulibala kunye nokungabikho kokugxila njengeempawu zeminyaka yobudala, okuyiyo, kodwa nazo ziyimpawu zemeko yonke yemizimba yethu ngenxa yokuguga.Ukongezwa, ngokwenza ukusilela kwizondlo, kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo.Nazi ezinye izondlo ezithile ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo.
Isinye kwisithathu sobuchopho siqulunqwe nge-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), i-akhawunti ye-15-30% yobunzima obomileyo bengqondo, kunye ne-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) eyenza malunga nesinye kwisithathu saloo (1).
I-DHA yi-omega-3 fatty acid edlala indima ebalulekileyo ebuchotsheni, igxile kwiindawo zobuchopho ezifuna iqondo eliphezulu lomsebenzi wombane, kuquka i-synaptosomes apho iziphelo zemithambo-luvo zidibana kwaye zinxibelelane omnye nomnye, i-mitochondria, eyenza amandla iiseli zemithambo-luvo, kunye ne-cerebral cortex, engumaleko ongaphandle wobuchopho (2).Kufunyaniswe kakuhle ukuba i-DHA licandelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwengqondo yomntwana kunye nomntwana kwaye ibalulekile kubomi bonke ukugcina impilo efanelekileyo yengqondo.Ukubaluleka kwe-DHA njengoko sikhula kubonakala xa sijonga abo bachatshazelwa kukuhla okunxulumene nobudala, njengesifo sika-Alzheimer (uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi esibangela inkumbulo eqhubekayo, ukuqonda kunye nokwehla kokuziphatha).
Ngokophononongo lukaThomas et al., "Kwizigulane ezifunyanwe zinesifo i-Alzheimer's, amanqanaba asezantsi e-DHA afunyenwe kwiplasma yegazi kunye nengqondo.Oku akunakubangwa nje kukuthotywa kokutya okuncinci kwe-omega-3 fatty acids, kodwa kunokubalelwa kukwanda kwe-oxidation yee-PUFAs”(3).
Kwizigulana ze-Alzheimer, ukwehla kwengqondo kucingelwa ukuba kubangelwa yiprotein beta-amyloid, enetyhefu kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo.Xa amanqanaba ale proteni eba ngokugqithisileyo, atshabalalisa amaphecana amakhulu eeseli zengqondo, eshiya ngasemva iiplagi ze-amyloid ezinxulumene nesifo (2).
Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba i-DHA ingaba nefuthe le-neuroprotective ngokunciphisa i-beta-amyloid toxicity kunye nokubonelela ngempembelelo echasayo enokunciphisa i-amyloid plaque-ebangelwa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba eeprotheni ezine-oxidized nge-57% (2).Ngelixa ukusilela kwe-DHA kubantu abane-Alzheimer's kunokuba neempembelelo ezithile malunga nendlela ukuxhaswa okunokubanceda ngayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izongezo azikwazi ukunyanga oku okanye nasiphi na isifo kunye nezifundo ezijongana neso sihloko zibe neziphumo ezixubileyo.
Izongezelelo azilona iyeza, kwaye inyaniso kukuba izigulane ze-Alzheimer ezikhulileyo ziya kuxhamla ubuncinane kwi-DHA okanye ezinye i-nutraceuticals kwinkxaso yengqondo kuba ngexesha lokufunyaniswa kwabo, umonakalo womzimba sele wenziwe kwingqondo.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphandi baphanda ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-DHA kunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kokuhla kwengqondo.U-Itay Shafat Ph.D., isazinzulu esiphezulu kwicandelo lezondlo kwi-Enzymotec, Ltd., kunye neofisi yase-US e-Morristown, NJ, ikhankanya isifundo sika-Yourko-Mauro et al.efunyenweyo, "Ukongezwa kwe-900 mg / imini ye-DHA kwiiveki ze-24, kwizifundo ezineminyaka> i-55 kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo ephakathi, ukuphucula imemori kunye nobuchule bokufunda" (4).
Ngelixa abanye abathengi bengenakucinga ngempilo yengqondo de kuvele iingxaki, kubalulekile kubathengisi ukuba bakhumbuze ngokubaluleka kwe-DHA kwingqondo kubo bonke ubomi.Ngapha koko, i-DHA inokuxhasa impilo yengqondo yabantu abadala abasempilweni kwaye abangenazo iintsilelo zezondlo ezicacileyo.Ulingo lwamva nje olulawulwa ngokungenamkhethe nguStonehouse et al., Uphononongo lwe-176 yabantu abadala abasempilweni abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengama-45, lufumene, "Ukuxhaswa kwe-DHA kuliphucule kakhulu ixesha lokuphendula kwimemori ye-episodic, ngelixa ukuchaneka kwememori ye-episodic kwaphuculwa kwabasetyhini, kunye nexesha lokuphendula inkumbulo yokusebenza yaphuculwa emadodeni” (5).Olu phuculo xa usemncinci lunokuguqulela umzimba kunye nengqondo elungiselelwe ngakumbi imingeni yobudala.
I-Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) yi-omega-3, efumaneka kwizityalo ezifana ne-chia kunye ne-flaxseed njengenye i-oyile yaselwandle.I-ALA isandulela kwi-DHA, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwamanyathelo amaninzi ukusuka kwi-ALA ukuya kwi-DHA akusebenzi kakuhle kubantu abaninzi, ngoko ke yenza i-DHA yokutya ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkxaso yokuqonda.I-ALA, nangona kunjalo, ineminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngokwayo.UHerb Joiner-Bey, umcebisi ngezenzululwazi yezonyango kwi-Barlean's, Ferndale, WA, uthi i-ALA ikwathi, “isetyenziswa ziiseli zengqondo ukwenza iincindi zamadlala zasekuhlaleni, eziquka 'ii-neuroprotectins,' ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.”Uthi i-neuroprotectins zikwafunyaniswa zisezantsi kwizigulana ze-Alzheimer kunye novavanyo lwaselabhoratri, i-ALA ibonwe ibalulekile kuphuhliso lobuchopho.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthatha izongezo ze-DHA yidosi kunye ne-bioavailability.Abantu abaninzi abayifumani i-DHA yaneleyo ekutyeni kwabo kwaye baya kuzuza ngokuthatha idosi ezigxininiswe kakhulu okanye eziphezulu.Ukubaluleka kwedosi kutsha nje kutyhilwe kuphononongo lweminyaka emihlanu nguChew et al.ukuba akukho mahluko abalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ngexesha lokuxhaswa kwe-omega-3 kwizifundo ezikhulileyo (iminyaka yobudala: i-72) kunye ne-macular degeneration ehlobene neminyaka.Iingcali ezininzi zezondlo bezithandabuza uyilo lophononongo.Ngokomzekelo, uJay Levy, umlawuli weentengiso zeWakunaga of America Co., Ltd., Mission Viejo, CA, wathi, "Icandelo le-DHA laliyi-350 mg kuphela ngelixa uhlalutyo lwamva nje lwafumanisa ukuba i-DHA yemihla ngemihla ngaphezu kwe-580 mg yayifuneka zinika izibonelelo zokusebenza kwengqondo” (6).
UDouglas Bibus, Ph.D., ilungu lebhodi yeengcebiso zenzululwazi yaseCoromega, Vista, CA, ucaphule inqaku leGlobal Organisation for EPA kunye neDHA Omega-3s (GOED) enesihloko esithi “Omega-3s kunye neCognition: Dosage Matters.”Iqela lifumene, emva kokuvavanya "izifundo ze-20 ezisekelwe kwingqiqo eziqhutywe kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, izifundo kuphela ezibonelela nge-700 mg ye-DHA okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku zichaze iziphumo ezilungileyo" (7).
Iifomu ezithile zokuhanjiswa zinokwenza ukuba i-oyile yaselwandle ifunxeke ngakumbi.Umzekelo, u-Andrew Aussie, usekela mongameli olawulayo kunye negosa eliyintloko lokusebenza e-Coromega, uthi inkampani yakhe igxile kwi, "emulsified omega-3 izongezo ezibonelela nge-300% yokufunxa ngcono."Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa nguRaatz et al.ukuba u-Aussie ucaphula, i-lipid emulsification kwisisu yinyathelo elibalulekileyo lokugaya i-fat digestion "ngokuveliswa kwe-lipid-water interface efunekayo ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwe-lipases e-soluble yamanzi kunye ne-lipids engaxutywanga" (8).Ngaloo ndlela, ngokufaka imifuziselo kwioli yeentlanzi, le nkqubo idlula, ikhulisa ukufunxa kwayo (8).
Enye into echaphazela i-bioavailability yindlela yemolekyuli ye-omega-3.UChris Oswald, DC, CNS, ilungu lebhodi yeengcebiso eNordic Naturals, Watsonville, CA, ukholelwa ukuba uhlobo lwe-triglyceride ye-omega-3s lusebenza ngakumbi ekunyuseni amanqanaba e-serum yegazi kuneenguqulelo zokwenziwa.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-synthetic ethyl ester-bound molecules, i-triglyceride form yendalo ayinyangeki kakhulu kwi-enzymatic digestion, iyenza ifikelele kwi-300% enokufunxa ngakumbi (2).Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-molecular ye-fatty acids ezintathu ezifakwe kwi-backbone ye-glycerol, xa i-oyile yeentlanzi igayiwe, umxholo we-lipid uguqulwa ube yi-fatty-strand enye.Emva kokufunxwa ngeeseli ze-epithelial, zibuyiselwa kwi-triglycerides.Oku kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngumqolo we-glycerol okhoyo, ongenayo i-ethyl ester (2).
Ezinye iinkampani zikholelwa ukuba i-omega-3s ebotshwe yi-phospholipid iyakuphucula ukufunxa.UCheryl Meyers, intloko yezemfundo nenzululwazi kwi-EuroPharma, Inc., Greenbay, WI, uthi esi sakhiwo “asisebenzi nje kuphela njengendlela yokuthutha ii-omega-3s, kodwa sikwabonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yobuchopho ngokwabo.”UMyers uchaza isongezelelo esinye esivela kwinkampani yakhe ebonelela nge-omega-3s ebotshwe nge-phospholipid ekhutshwe kwiintloko zesalmon (iVectomega).Isongezo sikwanazo neepeptides akholelwa ukuba "zinokukhusela imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engqondweni ngokulwa nomonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative."
Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, ezinye iinkampani zikhetha ukwenza ngeoyile yekrill, enye imvelaphi ye-omega-3s ebophe i-phospholipid ebonelela nge-bioavailability elungileyo ngenxa yokunyibilika kwamanzi.U-Lena Burri, umlawuli wenzululwazi yokubhala kwi-Aker Biomarine Antarctic AS, e-Oslo, eNorway, inika ingcaciso eyongezelelweyo yokuba kutheni le fomu ye-DHA ibaluleke kakhulu: enye "i-DHA transporter (Mfsd2a, i-facilitator enkulu ye-domain ephezulu equkethe i-2a) ... iyamkela i-DHA kuphela ukuba i-DHA ibotshelelwe kwi-phospholipids-ukuba ichanekileyo kwi-lysoPC "(9).
Uphononongo olunye olungenamkhethe, oluyimfama oluphindwe kabini, oluthelekisayo lweqela elihambelana nefuthe leoli yekrill, ioli yesardine (ifomu ye-triglyceride) kunye ne-placebo kwimemori yokusebenza kunye nemisebenzi yokubala kwi-45 yamadoda amadala ukusuka kwi-61-72 kwiiveki ze-12.Ngokulinganisa utshintsho lwe-oxyhemoglobin concentrations ngexesha lemisebenzi, iziphumo zibonise utshintsho olukhulu ekugxininiseni kwitshaneli ethile emva kweeveki ze-12 kune-placebo, ebonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwexesha elide kuzo zombini i-krill kunye neoli yesardine "ikhuthaza ukusebenza kwememori ngokuvula i-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex kubantu abadala. abantu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukuwohloka komsebenzi wokuqonda”(10).
Nangona kunjalo, malunga nemisebenzi yokubala, ioli ye-krill "ibonise utshintsho olukhulu kakhulu kwi-oxyhemoglobin concentrations kwindawo yasekhohlo yangaphambili," xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo kunye neoli yesardine, engazange ibonise nayiphi na imiphumo yokuvula ngexesha lemisebenzi yokubala (10).
Ngaphandle kokuncedisa ekufunxeni i-omega-3s, i-phospholipids idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yengqondo ngokwayo.Ngokutsho kukaBurri, i-phospholipids yenza malunga ne-60% yengqondo ngobunzima, ngokukodwa i-dendrites kunye ne-synapses.Ukongeza koku, uthi kwi-vitro, ukukhula kwe-nerve kudala imfuno eyongeziweyo ye-phospholipids kunye ne-nerve factor growth ivuselela isizukulwana se-phospholipid.Ukongezwa kunye ne-phospholipids kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye kusebenza ngempumelelo ekuncedeni umsebenzi wokuqonda ngenxa yokuba ukwakheka kwawo kufana nalawo akwimibhobho yemithambo-luvo.
Iiphospholipids ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ziyi-phosphatidylserine (PS) kunye ne-phosphatidylcholine (PC).UShafat uthi i-PS inamabango ezempilo afanelekileyo avunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Amabango abandakanya: "Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PS kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudemeka kwengqondo kubantu abadala," "Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PS kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo kubantu abadala," kwaye ufanelekile, "Uphando oluncinci kunye nolwangaphambili lwesayensi lucebisa ukuba iPS inokunciphisa umngcipheko. yesifo sengqondo esiyingozi/ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo kubantu abadala.I-FDA igqiba kwelokuba buncinane ubungqina besayensi obuxhasa eli bango.”
I-Shafat ichaza ukuba ngokwayo, i-PS "isebenza ngoku sele ikwi-dose ye-100 mg / ngosuku," isixa esincinci kunezinye izithako ezixhasa ingqondo.
Ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi wayo, u-Chase Hagerman, umlawuli we-brand kwi-ChemiNutra, i-White Bear Lake, i-MN, ithi i-PS "inceda iiprotheni ezilawula imisebenzi ye-membrane echaphazelekayo ekuhanjisweni kwemiyalezo ye-molecular ukusuka kwiseli ukuya kwiseli, inceda izondlo zingene kwiiseli, kwaye zinceda. inkunkuma eyingozi enxulumene noxinzelelo ukuphuma kwiseli. ”
I-PC, ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengaleyo eyenziwe kwi-alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline (A-GPC), uHagerman uthi, "ifudukela kwi-synaptic nerve endings efumaneka kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-nervous system, kwaye ikwandisa i-synthesis kunye nokukhululwa i-acetylcholine (AC)," i-neurotransmitter ebalulekileyo "ekhoyo kuzo zombini ingqondo kunye nezicubu zemisipha," idlala indima ephambili "ngokusisiseko kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuqonda ngelixa imisipha ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekunciphiseni kwemisipha."
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zisebenza ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.UDallas Clouatre, Ph.D., umcebisi weR & D kwiJarrow Formulas, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, ubachaza "njengentsapho eyandisiweyo ye-substrate ethile," equka i-uridine, i-choline, i-CDP-choline (i-Citocoline) kunye ne-PC njenge inxalenye yomjikelezo wengqondo ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Kennedy Cycle.Zonke ezi zinto zidlala indima ekudaleni iPC kwingqondo kwaye ngaloo ndlela yenze i-AC.
Imveliso ye-AC yenye into eyehlayo njengoko sikhula.Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba i-neurons ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-choline yabo kwaye kufuneka ifumane kwigazi, ukutya okunqongophala kwe-choline kudala ukubonelelwa ngokwaneleyo kwe-AC (2).Ukungabikho kwe-choline ekhoyo kudlala indima ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo enxulumene neminyaka.Umsebenzi womphandi uRichard Wurtman, MD, ovela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology ucebise ukuba ngenxa ye-choline enganelanga, ingqondo inokuthi ikwazi ukwenza i-PC kwi-neural membrane yayo ukwenza i-AC (2).
UNeil E. Levin, CCN, DANLA, umphathi wemfundo yezondlo kwi-NOW Foods, eBloomingdale, IL ichaza ukuqulunqwa "okuxhasa ukuphaphama kwengqondo kunye nokufunda ngokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-AC efanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi," ngokudibanisa i-A-GPC, "i-bioavailable form of choline ,” kunye ne-Huperzine A ukugcina amanqanaba e-AC (RememBRAIN ukusuka kwi-NOW Foods).I-Huperzine A igcina i-AC ngokusebenza njenge-inhibitor ekhethiweyo ye-acetylcholinesterase, eyi-enzyme ebangela ukuphuka kwe-AC (11).
Ngokutsho kweLevy, i-citicoline yenye yezithako ezitsha zokuxhasa ukuqonda, ejolise kwi-lobe yangaphambili, eyona ndawo inoxanduva lokusombulula ingxaki, ingqalelo kunye nokugxila.Uthi ukuxhaswa nge-citicoline kubantu abadala abadala kubonise "ukuphucula imemori yomlomo, ukusebenza kwememori kunye nokuqonda, ixesha lokugxila, ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kunye nomsebenzi we-bioelectrical."Ukhankanya izifundo ezininzi ezibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo, kubandakanywa uvavanyo oluyimfama oluphindwe kabini, olungahleliwe, olulawulwa yi-placebo lwezigulane ze-30 ze-Alzheimer ezibonise ukuphuculwa komsebenzi wokuqonda xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo emva kokuthatha i-citicoline imihla ngemihla, ngakumbi phakathi kwabo bane-dementia epholileyo (12).
U-Elyse Lovett, umphathi wezentengiso e-Kyowa USA, Inc., New York, NY, uthi inkampani yakhe “ikuphela kwendlela efundwe ngokweklinikhi ye-citicoline kubantu abadala nabakwishumi elivisayo abasempilweni,” kwaye “yeyona ndlela yodwa ye-citicoline ene-GRAS [ngokubanzi. yaziwa njengekhuselekile] iwonga eUnited States” (Cognizin).
Enye isongezelelo esihambelanayo, ngokutsho kukaDan Lifton, umongameli we-Maypro's Proprietary Branded Ingredients Group, Ukuthengwa, i-NY, i-INM-176 ephuma kwingcambu ye-Angelica gigas Nakai, ekwaboniswa ukuba ixhasa impilo yengqondo ngokwandisa amanqanaba obuchopho be-AC.
Ukunqongophala kwevithamini kuhlala kuzibonakalisa ngokuncipha kokusebenza kwengqondo.Ukunqongophala kwe-Vitamin B12, umzekelo, kunokubandakanya iimpawu ezifana nokudideka, ukulahleka kwememori, utshintsho lobuntu, i-paranoia, ukudakumba kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezifana nesifo sengqondo.Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa i-15% yabantu abadala kunye ne-40% yabantu abaneempawu ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala banamanqanaba aphantsi okanye asemdeni we-B12 (13).
Ngokutsho kukaMohajeri et al., I-B12 idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni i-homocysteine (Hcy) kwi-amino acid methionine, kodwa ezinye iivithamini ze-B folate (B9) kunye ne-B6 ziyimfuneko ye-cofactors ukuze i-metabolization yenzeke, ngaphandle kwayo, i-Hcy iqokelela.I-Hcy yi-amino acid eveliswa emzimbeni evela kwi-methionine yokutya kwaye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kweselula, kodwa ukugxila okuphezulu kuyo kujongela phantsi ukusebenza okuxeliweyo (14)."Amanqanaba aphezulu egazi le-homocysteine abonakaliswe ukuba aphazamise imemori kunye neminye imiba emininzi yokusebenza kwengqondo," kusho uMichael Mooney, umlawuli wesayensi kunye nemfundo kwi-SuperNutrition, Oakland, CA.
Mohajeri et al.iyayixhasa le ngxelo: “Ubuqatha bokuphazamiseka kwengqondo buye banxulunyaniswa nokuxinana okwandisiweyo kweplasma Hcy.Ngaphezu koko, umngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wesifo se-Alzheimer waxelwa xa zombini i-folate kunye ne-B12 amanqanaba ephantsi "(15).
I-Niacin yenye i-vitamin B exhasa imemori kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.Ngokutsho kukaMooney, i-niacin, uhlobo olusebenzayo lwe-vitamin B3, luhlala lumiselwa ngoogqirha kwi-1,000 mg okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku ukuxhasa amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-cholesterol, kodwa uphando olulawulwa yi-placebo lufumene ukuba umthamo wesondlo we-425 mg ngosuku uphucule imemori. amanqaku ovavanyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% kunye nokuphucula irejistri yeemvakalelo ukuya kuthi ga kuma-40%.Kumandla aphezulu, i-niacin iphinda ibonakaliswe ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kwegazi kwe-cerebral, "okwandisa ukujikeleza kwezondlo kunye ne-oksijini kwingqondo," uyongezelela (16).
Ukongeza kwi-niacin, uMooney uchaza i-niacinamide, eyenye indlela yevithamin B3.Kwi-3,000 mg / ngosuku, i-niacinamide ifundwa ngu-UC Irvine njengonyango olunokubakho lwe-Alzheimer kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori ehambelana nayo emva kweziphumo ezilungileyo kwisifundo semouse.Zombini ezi fom, uyacacisa, ziguqula emzimbeni zibe yi-NAD +, imolekyuli ebonakaliswe ukubuyisela umva ukuguga kwi-mitochondria, umvelisi wamandla weselula obaluleke kakhulu."Oku kunokuba negalelo elikhulu ekukhuliseni inkumbulo ye-vitamin B3 kunye nezinye iziphumo ezichasene nokwaluphala," utshilo.
Esinye isongezelelo sokucebisa abathengi yiPQQ.UClouatre uthi igqalwa ngabanye njengekuphela kwevithamin entsha efunyenwe kumashumi aliqela eminyaka adluleyo, ebonisa iziphumo ezincumisayo kwimimandla efana neneuroprotection."I-PQQ icinezela isizukulwana esigqithisileyo seqela leeradicals, kubandakanya ne-peroxynitrite radical eyingozi kakhulu," utshilo, kwaye kwi-PQQ ibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo ekufundeni nakwinkumbulo kwizifundo zezilwanyana kunye nabantu.Olunye ulingo lwezonyango lwafumanisa ukuba indibaniselwano ye-20 mg ye-PQQ kunye ne-CoQ10 ivelise izibonelelo ezinkulu kwizifundo zabantu kwinkumbulo, ingqalelo kunye nokuqonda (17).
U-Lifton uthi njenge-niacin, i-PQQ kunye ne-CoQ10 ixhasa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial.Uthi i-CoQ10 ikwenza oko ngokukhusela "i-mitochondria ngokukodwa kumonakalo ngenxa yohlaselo oluqhubekayo lwamahhala," kunye nokwandisa "ukuveliswa kwamandla eselula, okunokubangela ukuba amandla amaninzi afumaneke kwiinkqubo zokuqonda."Oku kubalulekile kuba “uphando olutsha oluchulumancisayo lucebisa ukuba omnye wezona zizathu ziphambili zeengxaki zenkumbulo encinci ezinxulumene nokuguga kumonakalo kwimitochondria yethu,” utsho uLifton.
I-Magnesium iyiminerali ebalulekileyo yokugcina umsebenzi omhle wokuqonda, okanye ngaloo nto, umsebenzi womzimba uphela.Ngokutsho kukaCarolyn Dean, MD, ND, ilungu lebhodi leengcebiso zonyango kwi-Nutritional Magnesium Association, "i-Magnesium yodwa iyadingeka kwiinkqubo ze-enzyme ze-700-800" kunye "nemveliso ye-ATP (adenosine triphosphate) kumjikelezo we-Krebs ixhomekeke kwi-magnesium ezintandathu. nezinyuko zayo ezisibhozo.
Kwicala lokuqonda, uDean uthi i-magnesium ivimba i-neuro-inflammation ebangelwa yidiphozithi ye-calcium kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima kwiiseli zengqondo kunye nokugada iziteshi ze-ion kunye nokuthintela iintsimbi ezinzima ukuba zingangeni.Uchaza ukuba xa i-magnesium iphantsi, i-calcium ikhawuleza kwaye ibangele ukufa kweeseli.ULevin wongezelela, "Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba lubalulekile kwimpilo yengqondo eqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwengqondo ngokugcina ubuninzi kunye nokuzinza kwee-neuronal synapses."
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Magnesium Miracle, uDean uchaza ukuba ukunqongophala kwemagnesium kukodwa kunokudala iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi njengoko sikhula, kuba amandla omzimba okufunxa i-magnesium kwisidlo sethu ehla kwaye unokuthintelwa ngamayeza axhaphakileyo kubantu abadala (18).Ke, amanqanaba e-magnesium egazini anokuncipha ngenxa yokuba umzimba awunakukwazi ukufunxa iminerali, ukutya okungalunganga kunye namayeza, okudala ukugqithisa kwe-calcium kunye ne-glutamate (ingakumbi xa utya ukutya okuphezulu kwi-MSG), zombini zinendima yokudlala. kwi-neural degeneration engapheliyo kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo (19).
Ngelixa izondlo zibalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwengqondo okunempilo, i-herbal aids inokubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.Ukuncipha kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala kunye ne-dementia kunokudalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-cerebral enye yezona ndlela zihluke kakhulu.Amayeza amaninzi asebenza ukujongana nale nto.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imifuno ephucula ukujikeleza kwegazi ingaba yingozi kubathengi abasele bethatha iyeza elinciphisa igazi njenge-warfarin.
Indima ephambili ye-Gingko biloba kukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni, edlala indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo nokuba siqaliswe yi-Alzheimer's okanye isifo se-cerebrovascular.Kwakhona kuthiwa ukubuyisela umsebenzi ophazamisekileyo we-mitochondrial ukuphucula ukunikezelwa kwamandla e-neuronal, ukwandisa ukunyuswa kwe-choline kwi-hippocampus, inhibit aggregation kunye ne-toxicity ye-protein ye-b-amyloid kwaye ibe nemiphumo ye-antioxidant (20, 21).
I-Levy icaphula uphando lweveki ezine lokulinga kwi-Neuroradiology "lubonise ukunyuka kweepesenti ezine ukuya kwesixhenxe kwi-cerebral blood flow kwi-dose ephakathi ye-120 mg ngosuku" ye-gingko (22).Uphononongo olwahlukileyo olungahleliwe, olulawulwa yi-placebo, oluyimfama kabini olumisela ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwe-gingko biloba kwizigulana ezinokukhubazeka okuncinci kwengqondo kunye neempawu ze-neuropsychiatric (NPS) nguGavrilova et al., wafumanisa ukuba "ngexesha lekhosi ye-24-iveki yonyango, ukuphuculwa kwe-NPS kunye nobuchule bokuqonda kwakubalulekile kwaye ngokuqhubekayo kubonakala ngakumbi kwizigulane ezithatha i-240 mg ngosuku lwe-G. biloba isicatshulwa i-EGb 761 kunezigulane ezithatha indawo ye-placebo "(23).
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-gingko biloba kuyavavanywa nakwezinye iimeko ezifana ne- attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) ebantwaneni.Uphononongo olunye olulinganiselweyo kodwa oluthembisayo nguSandersleben et al.ingxelo yokuba emva kokuxhaswa nge-gingko, "uphuculo olubonakalayo lufunyenwe kuvavanyo lwabazali lokunikela ingqalelo kwabantwana babo ... ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungxama, kunye namanqaku apheleleyo obunzima beempawu anciphe kakhulu," kwaye, "uphuculo olubalulekileyo malunga nokuziphatha kweProsocial" (24) .Ngenxa yemida yophononongo, njengokungabinalawulo okanye isampulu enkulu, akukho sigqibo siqinileyo sinokuthathwa ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa ngethemba lokuba siya kukhuthaza iimvavanyo zolawulo ezineenkcukacha ezininzi.
Enye imifuno esebenza ngokufanayo yi-Bacopa monniera ethi, ngokutsho kweLevy, uphando lwezilwanyana lwakutsha nje kwiPhytotherapy Research lubonise "i-25% yokwanda kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo phakathi kwezilwanyana ezithatha i-60 mg ye-bacopa monniera yonke imihla xa kuthelekiswa nokunganyuki kwabo banikwe i-donepezil. ” (25).
Kwakhona kuthiwa ineempawu ze-antioxidant.Ngokuka-Shaheen Majeed, umlawuli wentengiso we-Sabinsa Corp., e-East Windsor, NJ, i-bacopa “inqanda i-lipid peroxidation kwaye ngaloo ndlela ithintela umonakalo kwi-cortical neurons.”I-Lipid peroxidation yenzeka ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ehambelana nokusilela kwe-DHA, ethi, kwakhona, iyimpawu ye-Alzheimer's.
UMary Rove, ND, umfundisi wezonyango eGaia Herb, Brevard, NC, ukhankanya nokongeza izongezelelo zabo zeGingko kunye nemifuno efana nepeppermint kunye nerosemary.Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-peppermint ixhasa ukuba lumke kwaye "uphando luphucule kwi-rosmaranic acid, indawo esebenzayo eneempawu ze-antioxidant."Wongezelela ngelithi, “kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi zale mihla ezigcina isiqubulo esithi 'irosemary yesikhumbuzo.'
I-Huperzine A, ekhankanywe ngaphambili ngomsebenzi wayo njenge-acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, ithathwe kwi-Chinese herb Huperzia serrata.Ikhono layo lokuthintela ukuchithwa kwe-acetylcholine lifana nelo leziyobisi ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA ezivunyiweyo ukunyanga iimpawu zesifo se-Alzheimer kuquka i-donepezil, i-galantamine kunye ne-rivastigmine, i-cholinesterase inhibitors (11).
Uhlalutyo lwemeta olwenziwe nguYang et al.Uqukumbele ngelithi, "I-Huperzine A ibonakala ineempembelelo ezintle ekuphuculeni umsebenzi wokuqonda, umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kunye novavanyo lwezonyango lwehlabathi kubathathi-nxaxheba abanesifo sika-Alzheimer."Baye balumkisa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iziphumo kufuneka zitolikwe ngononophelo ngenxa yomgangatho ombi wendlela yovavanyo olubandakanyiweyo, kwaye babiza ulingo olongezelelweyo oluqatha (11).
Ii-Antioxidants.Uninzi lwezongezo ezixoxiweyo zine-antioxidant amandla, ezinceda ukuba zisebenze ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nto leyo edla ngokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.Ngokutsho kukaMeyers, “Phantse kuzo zonke izifo ezisengqondweni, ukudumba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo—kuyayitshintsha indlela iiseli ezisebenzisana ngayo.”Kungenxa yoko le nto kuye kwakho ukwanda kokuthandwa kunye nophando kwi-curcumin, eyikhompawundi efunyenwe kwi-turmeric, eboniswe ukunciphisa umonakalo ovuthayo kunye ne-oxidative kwingqondo kunye nokuxhasa ukudubula okufanelekileyo kwee-neurons, utsho uMeyers.
Kwimeko yeemeko ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, i-curcumin inokuba namandla okuphazamisa ukwakhiwa kwe-beta-amyloid.Olunye uphando olwenziwa nguZhang et al., Oluvavanya i-curcumin kwiinkcubeko zeseli kunye ne-mouse primary cortical neurons, lwafumanisa ukuba imifuno yehla amanqanaba e-beta-amyloid ngokunciphisa ukuvuthwa kwe-amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP).Icuthe ukuvuthwa kwe-APP ngokunyusa kwangaxeshanye uzinzo lwe-APP engekavuthwa kunye nokunciphisa uzinzo lwe-APP evuthiweyo (26).
Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo uhlobo lweempembelelo ze-curcumin ezinokuthi zibe nazo kwi-cognition kunye nendlela enokuphucula ngayo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.Okwangoku, iMcCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation ixhasa uphando olwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yase-Edith Cowan ePerth, e-Australia, ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-curcumin kwizigulane ezinokukhubazeka kwengqondo encinci.Uphononongo lweenyanga ezili-12 luya kuvavanya ukuba imifuno iya kuwugcina umsebenzi wokuqonda wezigulane.
Enye i-antioxidant enamandla exhasa umsebenzi wokuqonda yiPycnogenol (ehanjiswa yiHorphag Research).Ngaphandle kokuba namandla amakhulu ngokuchasene nomonakalo we-oxidative, imifuno, ethathwe kwi-French maritime pine bark, ibonakaliswe ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi, kuquka i-microcirculation ebuchosheni kunye nokwandisa imveliso ye-nitric oxide, esebenza njenge-neurotransmitter. , enokuba negalelo kwinkumbulo nakubuchule bokufunda (25).Kolunye uphononongo lweeveki ezisibhozo, abaphandi banike abafundi abangama-53 ubudala ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwi-27 yePycnogenol kwaye bavavanya ukusebenza kwabo kwiimvavanyo zangempela.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iqela lokulinga aliphumelelanga iimvavanyo ezimbalwa kunolawulo (ezisixhenxe vs. alithoba) kwaye lenze i-7.6% engcono kunolawulo (27).WF
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